Build a house of brick. Building a brick house - how it is done and how much it costs. Brick house insulation
Home is a place where they love and wait. That is how many understand the meaning of a given word.
In Russia, the wife was always responsible for the family hearth, but the husband had to provide housing for the future family, in other words, to build a brick house.
The main thing for a man was to erect a building with his own hands, so that the house was strong, it had a lot of space and light, it was warm on a frosty night and dry on a rainy autumn day. This is a cozy nest for the whole family for many years.
Ten years ago, when Colombian Fernando Llanos tried to build his own house in Kundinamarca, he realized that moving materials from Bogotá would be torture. Instead of using virgin plastic, they decided to give a second life to the already discarded, given that, on average, it completely collapses for 300 years. Working with virgin plastic is simple, ”he told the Colombian daily El Tiempo,“ because there are certain parameters, but the ones used require a lot of experimentation. ”
Varieties and quality characteristics of bricks
The main material they work with comes from popular processors and materials from factories that dump tons of plastics daily. Through the process of extrusion of plastic, it is melted and emptied in the final form, creating a brick weighing three kilograms, similar to one of the clay of the same size. In addition, when assembled under pressure, bricks insulate heat and have additives that slow down combustion. In addition, they are thermoacoustic, and their seismic resistance is accredited to the Colombian norm, taking into account the high seismic activity of the South American country.
And this tradition still exists today. At least every modern man has a desire to build a “fortress” for his family. Over the past 10 years, growth trends have been noticeable in new private homes. All of them are unique in their own way: they have garages, beautiful verandas, workshops, baths, are equipped with fireplaces and more. All houses are different and mean something special for the owner, the person who made the project with his own hands, supervised or took direct part in the construction and was the first to open the door to his house.
With a final cost of 20 million Colombian pesos per unit, in five days and four people the company is building a 40-square-meter house with two rooms, a living room, a dining room, a bathroom and a kitchen.
In this meteor trajectory, the main milestone of this small company was the construction of a set of temporary shelters in Guapi for 42 families displaced by armed conflict. After winning the relevant tender, which was called by the Norwegian Refugee Council, they raised the project in 28 days thanks to the joint work of 15 people, processing more than 200 tons of plastic.
Important questions
The construction of cottages has always been considered the prerogative of wealthy people, because traditional building materials are very expensive. However, economical buildings are now possible.
In his life, every person at least once in his life has been faced with construction, even in the form of repairing a room, reconstructing his home or building a new structure. In any of the listed types of construction, one fact is important - it is obtaining moral satisfaction. The fruit of your work should be welcome for you. When you have an irresistible desire to build a house, first of all you need to solve some important points:
In addition, community projects include electrical installations, sanitary batteries and three communal kitchens for families. For the construction of houses with non-industrialized materials, it is necessary to live environmentally soundly. It consists of: reforestation or woody tree with controlled extraction. It is used in columns and beams of large sections and wallboards.
Why it is eco: it is a material with a minimal degree of industrialization and, like bamboo, contributes to the negativity of the carbon footprint, especially if the wood does not require a lot of transportation. Benefits: Some forests, such as eucalyptus mail, are found throughout the country. You can work with very basic tools.
- Calculate your budget. In other words, where to get the money to build a house? Most families do not have such funds. To get out of this situation, some people sell their apartments, others take a mortgage, others stretch the building process for a long time, and someone finds other options.
- It is important to determine the location of this building. You need to consider the importance of connecting the future home to electricity, gas and other communications, unless, of course, you plan to build a dugout and live in it like "cavemen." Pay attention to the paperwork of your chosen plot of land, so that in the future you do not have to donate the constructed house to someone else’s uncle.
- Development of a construction project. In most cases, it is made to order. In this case, you need to think through to the smallest detail what your home should be like. How many floors do you want, what stairs, how many of them, where will the entrance and the garage be located, what will the walls be of, what shape of the roof, and so on.
- The choice of a team of builders. We recommend taking into account their experience and, if possible, look at the work of such a group of people, find out what their reputation is.
After researching these issues and solving them, you need to go directly to the process of building a house.
Cons: If this is a native forest, care should be taken that it is not an illegal cleansing. Gently should be treated with pesticides and paints to keep them in good condition. Hostel and training center. Puerto Paraiso, Misiones. It consists of: a bamboo cane. There are several possible forms of association due to their relationship between weight and resistance. Mainly for structural use.
Why is it eco: because it is a material without industrialization, ultra-century-old growth and one of the most contributing to the carbon footprint negation. Advantages: economical, easy to build in places where it is known, growing very quickly. Cons: the need to use certain tools. If you need to make walls, you need to fill some other system.
Organizational moments
An effective project of a country house contains layouts of buildings, layout of rooms, a list of building materials, recommendations of technologists and even a graphic designation of all outlets and switches.
What do you think of this post? What do you think of natural architectures? Would you advise yourself to live in such a house? Today we learn about materials for wall construction, this is episode 08. Various types of walls, structural and sealing blocks, mounting beams, yards and rear wings, standards and much more. In ancient Brazil, houses were made of clay. There were three ways to work with clay: pestle, dirt, and dirt.
Most of Brazilian colonial architecture was built using this technique. These are thick walls that create a very warm and sheltered environment. There the clay was compressed and beaten. In addition to the old methods and modern concrete blocks, there are other methods.
Immediately solve the organizational issue. You have two ways to organize the construction. The first assumes that you contact a construction company that will do everything for you. In this case, your wishes will be taken into account with regard to the choice of materials for the construction. But at the same time, you will not have full confidence in the quality of the work done, and the cost part may be an order of magnitude higher.
This is a material from the earth with a certain amount of cement. After mixing, the material can be pressed. With a little manual push. The bricks are pressed, and after 7 days of healing they can be set up like any brick using cement mortar and sand.
The sizes of massive bricks vary greatly. On average, it takes 5 cm in height, 11 cm in length and 22 cm in length. Boring bricks exist in various forms. Curved brick walls do not support the weight of slabs and roofs. Drilled bricks are used only in the walls of the seal, in structures made with an independent structure.
In the second option, you can manage the business yourself. But you need to learn a lot of construction processes, have time and experience. It is necessary to consider all the features of construction, namely laying the foundation, erecting walls and constructing the roof structure. This option will be less costly, and for a man who lives the dream of building a house with his own hands, this will be an opportunity to increase self-esteem and enjoy the process.
Where there are beams to support the lag weights. They are perforated bricks of different sizes, but have better strength. Concrete blocks have excellent quality and uniformity of sizes. They can be block 10 used on the interior walls of houses. It has a block 15, which is used on the outer walls.
And block 20, which is used on the external walls and foundation. They are very durable and withstand up to 55 kg per cm². Therefore, they are very often used in buildings. Ask to build poles and beams to support the loads. It has only two holes, it has leaked, and its walls are thick with 5 cm, much more resistant. All are the same size, providing the required number of blocks per m² without loss. One of the advantages of using the block in the standards is that the wall is so perfect and smooth that you use a small solution when gluing the tiles.
If you want to build a brick house yourself, we suggest you use the following recommendations. Let's simplify the task and divide the construction of the house into 3 stages: laying the foundation, erecting walls, building a roof. So let's get started.
Necessary materials and tools
For a start - the necessary materials. You will need cement, lime, gypsum, sand, clay, brick and, of course, concrete, a mixture. When purchasing materials, special attention should be paid to their quality. Materials should have a number of properties defined by the standards, such as strength, heat conductivity, density, water absorption, sound permeability, brittleness, etc.
You can break the side walls and the inner wall. It is ideally suited for the manufacture of mooring beams between walls and slabs, as well as for the manufacture of side members and analogues on doors and windows, avoiding cracks. Half blocks are the size of one of the holes, so you do not need to cut to finish, and this avoids waste.
It is made of cement and sand, as well as with a chemical substance. This product reacts with cement producing a large amount of gas. When the dough has hardened, we have a very light block, stable and excellent thermal insulation. In ancient times, the walls were made of stones. At first they were cut and laid without mortar. Today, walls are laid with cement mortar and sand. Blocks can be cut at right angles, which facilitates the work and creates well-decorative walls.
Brick houses have always been distinguished by attractive appearance, durability and frost resistance.
One of the main materials to be used is brick. A few words about their types. During construction, use a brick of the correct form, which will have straight ribs, without defects. A red brick is considered good, which will produce a clear sound upon impact. Ordinary brick has a standard size of 250 × 120 × 65 mm. In construction, ordinary clay and hollow clay bricks are used. What are their features?
Continue reading our series here on the blog. Any construction or repair requires a qualified specialist responsible for the design and execution of work. This is an informative article, if you have any questions, ask a professional.
Among the oldest building materials that people used is raw earth in its two most popular versions, brick and brick. The use of this material in construction is simple and economical, and also has many advantages that make it especially attractive for housing that respects the environment. This material has been used for thousands of years in many places around the world. Today it is still used in many countries. In recent decades, when industrial construction materials arrived, unreasonable land was underestimated and was considered archaic.
Clay ordinary brick can be of plastic and semi-dry pressing, which makes it possible to make masonry of both the external and internal walls of the house, it is especially good for the construction of load-bearing walls, where the strength of the brick will be fully used. As for hollow bricks, it is more efficient in terms of heat engineering due to round holes. It is used for laying internal and external walls of buildings. In construction, hollow ceramic blocks can still be used. They are larger than standard brick in size and are designed for load-bearing walls, for the walls of frame buildings and for internal partitions. Another building material is facing brick. It is intended for facing external walls simultaneously with masonry.
Currently, this traditional technique is an object of new interest due to its magnificent properties, which allow the construction of buildings that respect the environment. The essential raw materials used to make mud brick and clay consist of sand and clay, which are on the ground and to which water is added to produce tar mud. You can also add other elements such as straw and branches to increase traction. The technique used to prepare the soil will determine the differences between brick and clay.
For this difficult process you will need the following tools:
- trowel (designed to work with the solution, its supply, alignment and removal);
- pointed sledgehammer and hammer (to give the desired shape and seal the rubble masonry);
- bucket-shovel (used to move and feed the solution onto the wall);
- metal lining (serves to give the solution the desired shape in the outer seams);
- metal rammer (designed to seal the rows of rubble masonry).
When laying the foundation, a gutter is used to feed the solution into the pit and lower the stone. An integral part of construction tools will be devices for checking walls for vertical and horizontal. To do this, use a plumb line, level (spirit level), square and order.
Adom bricks are blocks of earth made of molds, slightly larger than modern hollow bricks. To raise the walls, one filled adobe bricks and joined them, one uses clay, lime and sand. Mud is a massive wall of clay and sand, packed and compressed. To form a wall and prevent its destruction and facilitate pressing, a formwork called a slab is used. When the banner is installed on the foundation, the soil is poured and pressed.
When the wall is formed, the plate is removed and allowed to dry in the open. Clay can fully match the wall or be installed between pillars of another material. In different parts of the world there are many examples of adobe and adobe structures that have arisen throughout history. Here are some examples. Some of the oldest Neolithic cities in the Middle East have already used damp land as building material. For example, the city of Chatal-Huyuk, which belongs to the Anatolian Peninsula, had a special type of urbanism, where the apartment buildings leaned against each other without any space between them to form streets.
Foundation laying
Mistakes made in the design and manufacture of the foundation can result in much greater costs for their correction when the designed structure is built.
To build a brick house of good quality (for centuries), first of all, you need to correctly lay the foundation. This is the supporting part of the structure, which will transmit all the loads to the ground. To properly lay the foundation, you need to take into account the properties of the soil: to know the freezing depth of a given area. These data can be taken from the district architect or calculated independently. This is done as follows: drill 2-3 wells with a depth of 0.5 m, which is the estimated freezing depth. At the same time, the composition of earth layers and their elevations are clearly traced. If the basement is not included in your plans - this is enough. If there is a basement, you must take into account the groundwater level. It can be followed in drilled wells, making appropriate measurements over a period of time.
Because of this urban design, houses were only accessible by the roof. In other cities of the Middle East, in the areas of the fertile crescent, where the first civilizations flourished, from which we know that the composition flourished, adobe was already used with zeal. Cities such as Ura, Uruk, Kish and Lagash settled on the banks of large rivers, abundantly used clay and sand, which were abundant there. The internal structure of many ancient ziggurats was made with adobe. Similarly, we have evidence that in Spain and North Africa raw land was used as an element of construction from the earliest times.
The depth of laying the foundation is determined based on the soil on which the house is being built, its seasonal freezing and the level of groundwater. The width of the foundation in the project will depend on the thickness of the walls.
After examining the soil, you need to remove the vegetative layer of soil (it can later be used to decorate and equip the site). After doing it yourself, you markup the plan of the future brick house. In natural dimensions, the plan of the house is transferred to the plot. You need to start it from the extreme corner points, gradually reaching all the details of the project.
Before the construction of the foundation (preferably on the same day) they dig a pit. It is made by an excavator and basically by 10-15 cm. Less than the project. After manually developing the unfinished soil. If you dug in some area, then you can pour sand. To lower the groundwater level, a drainage system can be built during the development process.
For rubble masonry, you can use irregularly shaped stones, cobblestones and bedding stones.
There are several varieties of laying the foundation. Take a look at each one at a time. Rubble and concrete concrete foundations are designed for single-story buildings. The first row of the foundation masonry is laid on a solution with a compacted stone (to increase the bearing capacity of the foundation, you can build a base of monolithic reinforced concrete). The expansion of such masonry is made by ledges. That is, in each subsequent step, at least 2 rows of masonry should be laid.
The next variety is the foundation of precast concrete. It can be either continuous or intermittent. They are built from prefabricated reinforced concrete foundation blocks, which are selected according to the thickness of the brick walls. It is possible to expand the area of \u200b\u200bthe base for blocks in the case of installing reinforced concrete blocks-pillows. When using this technique, your home should have no more than 2 floors. In this case, the distance between the blocks or pillows should in no case exceed 70 cm, these gaps are covered with soil with layer-by-layer compaction. The advantage of this type of foundation is the ease of installation and minimization of the time for laying it.
The advantage of these foundations is to reduce construction time and the ability to load structures almost immediately after installation.
The basement of your foundation must be strong and resistant to environmental conditions. The upper part of the base must be at least 50 cm above the level of planning and always horizontal.
The final stage of laying the foundation is the blind area. It is possible to build it with your own hands in the following order: we remove the plant soil around the foundation with a depth of 10-15 cm and a width of at least 70 cm. Next, we lay sand, gravel or brick fight. Then a concrete screed is built behind this place or it is paved with asphalt.
Walling
Brick walls require compliance with 2 basic masonry rules. Firstly, it is necessary to maintain a clear horizontal horizontality of the rows and perpendicularity to their future loads. Secondly, it is necessary to build taking into account the ligation of vertical seams. Thus, you will avoid the shift of the brick under the influence of various kinds of forces. The upper brick is shifted relative to the lower one by ¼ of its length or more.
Brickwork needs to be built in rows. Its thickness should correspond to the length of a standard brick or its half. The resulting joints between the bricks should be completely filled with mortar. When you build and plan to plaster walls with your own hands or do facing work, leave the outer and inner seams of the masonry blank.
Type of masonry: bonded double-row, Gothic double-row, English double-row, Galandian double-row.
Particular attention should be paid to dressing the stitches. For a small house that you want to build with your own hands, it is possible to use a simple form, the so-called single-row dressing. Its essence is that the coating of the lower row of bricks in no case coincides with any vertical seam in adjacent rows on the front surface.
The dressing consists of alternating rows of bricks located along and transverse rows. In this case, the bricks should overlap each other in such limits: in the longitudinal direction - by ¼ of the brick, in the transverse by ½. Each project must be approached individually. In this case, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the varieties of masonry walls in more detail and build one that will fit your home in all respects.
The method of building a brick wall depends on the plasticity of the mortar. The time of the year also plays an important role in choosing a method of erecting a brick wall.
Not a single house is complete without doors and windows. During construction, openings are left under them, which are later blocked by arches, arches or lintels. Reinforced concrete lintels are widely used in construction. In their absence, the openings will be blocked by either brickwork or arched, wedge-shaped, ordinary lintels. Also an integral part of your construction will be the construction of interior walls. Their thickness is most often equal to ½ brick.
Next, we lay the floor slabs. You can use reinforced concrete floors or floors on wooden beams. Prefabricated reinforced concrete parts of the floor are made in the form of multi-hollow floorings, they are supported on the walls of the structure or on the girders, while they look like panels. Provided that you are building a small low-rise house, floors with wooden beams are also suitable for you.
Roof construction
The most common type of roof for private houses is the attic roof (when the attic space can be used for housing). We begin the construction of the roof with the installation of rafters. Mauerlat was originally laid, according to which the position of the rafters of the future house is marked, where they are then fixed. Then the installed rafters are to be connected. There are several ways, but each of them must correspond to the necessary rigidity and strength of the constructed roof. After this, it is necessary to provide the base of the roof. This is done by laying the crate or flooring on the fixed rafters. Often, the crate is made of bars, boards, etc. There are two types of laying: close and spaced.
The continuous lathing is suitable for soft roofs, for example, for metal tiles, soft tiles or flat asbestos-cement slate. You can use a sparse crate for a steel roof or corrugated asbestos-cement sheets.
When building a house with your own hands, study each stage of construction in more detail, this will be the key to a quality construction.
If the attic area is not large, the architects advise not to hem the ceiling, but to carry out the interior decoration under the ridge, this will add additional space to the room.
If the attic area is not large, the architects advise not to hem the ceiling, but to carry out the interior decoration under the ridge, this will add additional space to the room.
An event such as the construction of one’s own home will forever remain in the memory of man. After all, the construction of your home from the time of preparation of the foundation, the erection of walls to the construction of the roof gives not only moral satisfaction, but also increases self-esteem only from the thought that you did it yourself. Also, the fact that your children will grow up here and you are not ashamed to leave them such an inheritance warms your soul.
The standard of durability and strength, many experts call a brick house. Subject to the recommended technology, such a home can be built with your own hands, and then enjoy a comfortable life in it for decades.
1
A huge number of people are attracted by the prospect of living in a private house. Especially if its construction is carried out from scratch and independently. Indeed, in this case, a person gets a unique chance to create his dream home. An ideal home can be built from various building materials. One of the most popular is considered a brick. Residential buildings from it have the following advantages:
- relative availability of building materials;
- good level of thermal insulation;
- durability and reliability;
- the possibility of implementing original projects using different types of front and ordinary bricks;
- high strength;
- the ideal microclimate in the house due to the fact that the described material has a special structure that allows breathing the home;
- the possibility of building a private building in several floors.
Private brick house
In addition, bricks can be used in combination with many other building products and materials. Thanks to this, any fantasies of a private developer can be embodied in reality. The main drawback of the structures under consideration is usually the severity of their structure. This problem can be dealt with through the construction of reliable foundations with special characteristics. The second minus of the brick house is the high cost of building materials. They can actually be reduced by 15–25 percent if porous bricks are used.
Another drawback of such residential buildings is that brickwork can be performed exclusively in the warm and dry season. Then a person needs to correctly calculate the time when the construction of his dream home will be carried out.
2
In order to build a residential building, you need to find a good land plot for it, draw up a construction project, prepare and coordinate the documents for the work, determine the type of foundation and building materials that will be used. You can create a house project yourself or choose a turnkey solution. In the second case, the probability of incorrect design is reduced to zero. But you still have to do research on the site where the construction will be carried out, as well as perform many additional calculations.
If the project is prepared by yourself, you must take into account the existing financial budget and focus solely on it. Also in this case, it is necessary to decide what construction activities you can do yourself. In order to build a home and not spend too much money, it is important to choose the right brick. It can be hollow and full-bodied, as well as facing and simple. Everything is simple here. Hollow products make it possible to reduce construction costs and the load on the base of the house. Bearing elements of the building are erected from solid brick.
Brick House Project
Facial products are good for building decoration. But all the partitions of the building and its box are best made from ordinary brick. Then the construction will be cheaper. In addition, you should pay attention to the following characteristics of the material used:
- geometry integrity and accuracy;
- water absorption coefficient;
- thermal conductivity;
- resistance to low temperatures;
- strength.
The next preparatory step is to calculate the required amount of brick. It is necessary to determine the area of \u200b\u200bthe bearing walls (their height should be multiplied by the perimeter of the building) and subtract from the obtained indicator the area of \u200b\u200ball openings (windows, doors). Then choose a specific bricklaying option. For this, special tables are used. From them you will learn the necessary number of products for the device of one square of the wall. This number must be multiplied by the quadrature (total) of the wall surfaces in order to obtain the value of the total need for building material.
It is also necessary to choose the type of mortar that will be used for masonry. It can be calcareous, cement or combined (cement-lime). The basis of such mixtures is river well-sifted sand. Its ratio to cement varies between 1: 3–1: 6. With your own hands, it is easiest to work with a combined masonry mortar. It has a fair amount of lime. It plays the role of an effective plasticizer. The cement mix always turns out to be inelastic. It’s difficult to use. Although this solution provides maximum masonry strength.
3
The key to successful construction of a brick house with your own hands is the competent selection of its foundation. Experts recommend stopping your choice on a strip foundation. Structurally, it repeats the lines of the building under construction (its load-bearing walls), which gives the structure the required strength. You can also equip pile, slab or. In some cases, they are more suitable for construction than a strip base.
The choice of the optimal type of foundation depends on the mechanical and physical properties of the soil on your land, the depth of soil water, the terrain and other factors. The construction of any of these bases under the house consists of several general stages:
- digging a pit;
- creation of a special pillow (sand plus crushed stone);
- installation ;
- knitting reinforcing elements;
- pouring concrete mortar;
- arrangement of hydroprotection of the foundation.
Arrangement of the foundation of a private home
Concrete in the base of the house of brick must be fed in horizontal stripes. Then the mixture will not crack.
Remember that concrete mortar hardens in 6–8 days. But laying brick on the erected foundation is allowed to be done only after a month. Waterproofing the base of a residential building without any problems is done by yourself. You need to lay out 2-3 layers of roofing material or hydroisol on the surface of the foundation and fix the insulation materials in a convenient way (glue, use fasteners). Without carrying out water protection measures, the construction of the house is not carried out. Melt and groundwater will very quickly destroy the foundation, and then will take over the rest of the construction of a residential building.
4
With your own hands, brickwork, as a rule, is carried out according to three common schemes: well, in 4 bricks, lightweight. Well technology involves leaving special voids inside the masonry. Subsequently, they are filled with foam or expanded clay. Due to this, ordinary brick provides higher thermal protection of the house. Masonry in 4 bricks is performed using a special metal mesh. It is needed for additional strapping of rows of building products. The mesh increases the rigidity of the masonry. It is mounted every 6-7 rows.
The lightweight technique is to first place bricks in the corners of the walls (load-bearing). The number of products for each angle is from 5 to 10. A charming condition for the process is the use of a plumb line when laying. Bricks must stand strictly upright! The durability of the house under construction, and its attractive appearance, depend on this.
Masonry of brick walls using a lightweight technique
With your own hands, the construction of walls is carried out according to the following algorithm:
- Knead a small portion of the solution, achieving its maximum elasticity.
- Apply the mixture to the desired area, very carefully (and at the same time quickly) level it. Some of the solution must be displayed on a brick located in a row. Remove all excess mixture immediately with a trowel.
- Lay the brick on the mortar and tap the trowel with a pen on it. This will ensure a good fit of construction products. It is advisable to maintain a distance of about 1.2 cm between the individual brick rows.
- Place the most recent product in a row. In most cases, when doing the work yourself, you can’t put a whole brick on the edge. You will have to either chop off a piece of material of the required size, or adjust the gap between adjacent products by filling them with a cement mixture.
- Sew all masonry seams. If you will be decorating the walls with facing brick, the alignment should be done so that there is no free space between the rows of building material. But in cases where the surfaces will be plastered, you should leave small voids in the seams. Then the plaster will lie on the faced walls better.
Do not forget to leave empty spaces on those sections of the walls where doors and window openings will subsequently be mounted.
5
The roof frame of a brick house is recommended to be constructed from pine or deciduous timber. It must be treated with refractory and antifungal compounds. And then perform these actions: mount the Mauerlat from the beams of 150x150 mm on the walls, put the frame. You will need to attach wooden rafters to the Mauerlat. Fix them with nails, make the crate of OSB boards or plywood sheets. The lath for the installation of bituminous tiles is made continuous, for metal tiles - in increments of about 35 cm, for slate coating - about 80 cm.
Brick house roof frame
Next, protect the roof from moisture. It is advisable to use modern views. Mount the selected roofing products and (if provided by the project) decorative elements. If necessary, vaporize and warm the roof. Now your brick building is protected from the weather. You can equip it at any time of the year - to lay water, gas and other communications, install doors and windows, make floors.