What kind of brick to use for laying stoves and fireplaces. What kind of brick is needed for laying the stove. Brick Finish Options
Not every type of stone is suitable for building a stove in a house or in a bath. The furnaces are subject to high temperature differences, which only special materials can withstand. In addition, the stove should not only give off heat, but also accumulate it - this will reduce fuel consumption and increase efficiency.
What materials are suitable for the construction of furnaces?
First of all, this:
This was because the stone did not have color or brightness. despite the fact that it is good granite. We can get these lions in concrete houses or garden decorations. although it would be ideal to use a sheet metal door. In craft houses, we will find a large number of models that could be used for decoration. although, if we were good carvers, it could be made of hardwood or plaster. the oven door is made of veneer. this is obviously at your discretion.
To calculate it, you can use a table. The throat must be correctly distributed and correctly positioned. Stand of smoke or soot. outgoing. Many of the Masons are due to negligence or lack of attention. The depth of the focus should also be proportional to the size of the mouth. The area of \u200b\u200bthe throat should be equal to the area of \u200b\u200bthe chimney. and its length is equal to the width of the opening of the chimney. There are two fundamental aspects to the design of the chimney: aesthetics, decoration and technical design. It is necessary to comment on some details about the need for a bricklayer, who must understand that the masonry strictly adheres to plans.
- fireclay bricks;
- red refractory;
- heat-resistant alumina;
- clinker.
These materials are full-bodied, they do not deform from the heat, do not break - the stove from such materials will last for many years.
It is impossible to build furnaces from:
- hollow stones;
- silicate materials;
- slotted bricks.
The listed types of materials are not heat-resistant, they quickly deteriorate with frequent heating, deform, and do not hold heat.
Keep in mind that the worst thing that can happen to a fireplace is what once ended. which causes a defective shot from the stove. it should be located at a height of 10 cm or more above the jumper of the pallet and should expand as in the throat. Currently, the use of the Spiro cap at the end of the smoke chamber is supplemented by a smoke shelf. The chimney area should not be under any circumstances. Large smoke chamber. throat or smoke gun.
It is always advisable to use cylindrical guns. Starting at an angle of 30 degrees from this point to the axis of the house. It is much better to use as a refractory brick lining. Construction data for chimneys Although the house can be finished with common bricks. The back should be directed forward when it rises, and the sides will tilt toward the center as they deepen. and the width of this base will be the same as that of the house. whose measures should be determined given that the effective area of \u200b\u200bthe pipeline when it is round. trees. the side walls of the hood will be inclined to touch the line corresponding to the edges of the chimney.
Important: you can lay out the oven only from full-bodied stone! Hollow can not withstand large temperature loads.
Types of bricks for the furnace
Fireclay
Fireclay brick withstands up to one and a half thousand degrees Celsius! It is made of refractory clay with the addition of fireclay chips and aluminum oxide. Then it is fired in a special way according to a strict scheme.
Do not build stoves from
The inclined walls of the hood should not have any protrusions: the ends of the brick should be cut so that they follow the line of the inside corner of the hood. the chimney must be at least 20 by 20 cm, if the channel is rectangular. The smokehouse will be built directly above the house, and its measurements will apply to the house in the following order. The design of the smoke gun should protrude one meter from the top of the roof. When the channel is rectangular. should be.
What are the bricks in the oven?
Information about the construction of chimneys. With the exception of the bottom wall, which follows its inclined path to about half of this vertical extension. This annoying inconvenience should be avoided when building soot. The entire device will be located on the sides and front. on walls that were elongated, and the back will rest on the top of the inclined back wall of the outbreak. The measure of the house will be related to the measure of the room. The inclined wall of the hearth also serves to support the support or rim on which the ignition register rests.
Outwardly, the stone looks porous, the color faded red with a yellowish tint, dark spots are visible. By weight, it seems lighter than usual, despite the fact that there are no cavities in it. Due to the lightweight mass, fireclay brick masonry is quickly heated and conduct heat well.
A small register will slow the release of smoke and gases with subsequent damage. Registration should be less than the total width of the mouth opening of the focus and its surface of free passage, equal to the width of the throat or very small. regardless of width. A channel whose area is less than the fraction indicated in the table will impede the free release of flue gases and will become a constant source of deficiencies. At this moment, the exit leaves its maximum narrowing, and where the shooting recording mechanism should be installed.
As for the method that should be followed during the construction of the chimney. Whatever the chimney is. The effective area of \u200b\u200bthe chimney should be. at least. From the top of this vertical wall. Chimney smoke gun. The use of cylindrical guns is always recommended. The chimney channel will be free of obstacles all the way and should have as smooth an inner surface as possible. four corners. Another column of the graph shows the depth of the house in each case. which offer all the benefits and satisfy all needs.
Most often, fireclay is not used for the entire stove - they spread places that directly contribute to the fire. This is explained by the high cost of the material: chamotte is 5 times more expensive than ordinary classic stone.
Fireproof red
This type of stone is cheaper than fireclay, therefore, stoves from it are most often folded. Basis - refractory clay. The composition also includes coke and quartz powders, graphite chips.
Smoke cannon Smoke cannon Smoke cannons from chimneys should be distributed over the roofs and ridge so that the downward air flow does not interfere with a good shot. and where it is desirable to include several guns in one trunk, it should be taken into account that each barrel is separated from the other by a stone layer of at least 10 cm and that the seams are staggered. good to choose the largest. in rectangular. It is important not to use a smoke cannon for other purposes. To decrease at any point of its expansion, the surface of the channel is equivalent to decreasing it along its entire path. because equal surfaces are lost.
Outwardly, it looks like a well-known classic brick, but solid, without cavities. The color is yellower than the classic. Suitable for laying out the outer lining of the stove, and those parts that come in contact with the fire.
The stone has a high heat capacity, that is, it is able to accumulate heat and then give it away for a long time. Such material can be used to put together a Russian stove, a barbecue stove or a bathhouse.
Table for calculating the chimney When the drawn line passes through the border of the two sizes of the pipeline. therefore, it is convenient to use special materials in their design as glazed or cement pipes. Table for calculating the chimney. Its design should facilitate the escape of smoke and avoid entry into rainwater. Smoke channel. where the fire lights up. It also gets the name of the cover. Materials such as marble are used for its construction. this is the part that covers the house with a decorative character. a metal tube coated with a partition is used.
Alumina
The most popular material on the market in terms of price / quality ratio. It is fireproof, can withstand up to 1300 degrees Celsius. At the same time, it is durable, does not deform, is not afraid of sudden changes in temperature.
Furnaces in a bathhouse are often laid out of alumina bricks: the material is so strong that cold water can be poured onto heated bricks to create steam. In this case, the stove will be suitable for operation for many years.
Brick "Borovichi" pr-va city Borovichi, Novgorod region
The material used in its construction may be metallic or ceramic refractory. Recommendations for use and installation In the room where the chimney is installed, adequate ventilation must be provided. Do not change the recommended tube diameter. Suitable for making fried or barbecue. to provide air repair and facilitate firing from a chimney. where you cook and consume roasts or other grilled foods. Appliance or kitchen element, consisting mainly of a container for charcoal and a steel grill or grill.
Clinker
It is a heavy parallelepiped of dark color. The surface is flat, almost without pores.
You can choose such a stone for the construction of the furnace, but the construction will be very expensive. Due to the high cost in Russia, it is rarely used. In addition, the maximum allowable clinker heating temperature is 1300 degrees, which is slightly lower than that of fireclay.
What characteristics should have ceramic brick for laying the furnace and fireclay brick for laying the furnace
It is also famous for the barbecue at the meeting. fine wood mixed with coarse wood can be used. make sure the cutting knife is open. The house must be installed while maintaining an air chamber around it, which allows it to expand. A metal pipe should be used to evacuate smoke throughout the shot. Do not support decorations or wood directly at home.
Chimney Canyon. marble and wood. that starts at the top of a fireplace or countertop. natural or artificial stone. the chimney can be in front. ashtrays. Sedimentary rock, which has several uses in the construction process. The part that ends the top of the chimney or chimney gun. It has a purely aesthetic or decorative function. A wood stove can be considered as a fireplace hearth, which does not require a decorative coating. A type of finish designed for embedded or embedded walls. to the appearance of the house.
Stamps
In addition to the variety of building materials, you need to pay attention to their brands. Key Features - This is a brand in terms of density and frost resistance.
Density Grade shows the strength of the material. If the stove is in a house or in a bath, a brick with a density grade of 200-250 will do. The indicator above is completely unnecessary, since then the kindling will take too much time.
Element for collecting ash in chimneys or barbecue. as the main decorative component. For its construction, materials such as brick are usually used. gable. The device is designed to heat the housing with electricity. A metal pallet that is using an opening and closing system. bell. to protect from rain or wind. countertop. Typically, it consists of a metal pipe coated with pipes. It is produced by heating wood in the absence of air. Central. Its function is to hide the chimney or chimney.
Frost resistance you need to consider when building a chimney, as well as if you are building an outdoor barbecue stove. The frost resistance brand shows how a stone absorbs and gives off moisture. For pipes and street buildings, you need to choose the most frost-resistant brands.
The most common manufacturers
Cap. ear cushions. Clean chimneys to remove soot. burning gas or wood. and ends on the ceiling of the room. Sometimes the term “chimney” is used as a synonym for a barrel or chimney. Traditionally, it is built with the lower part wider than the upper. stone or marble that forms the fireplace or the upper part of the fireplace. charcoal. side. which has a bell-shaped shape. we will always consider the house as a fireplace. Return flow device. Home or stove for heating or cooking. The surface of the tree. angle or angle. sometimes replacing marble.
In Russia and in the neighboring countries, brick produces many factories. The following types are most common for masonry furnaces:
Borovichi. Produced at the factory of the same name in Nizhny Novgorod. High frost resistance, density 250.
"Vitebsk workshop". Produced in Belarus. Density of 200, but frost resistance is very low. They can lay stoves indoors, such a stone is not suitable for pipes.
The space or part of the chimney, the function of which is evacuation. smoke caused by burning wood. Fireplace at home. The part of the fireplace that covers or dresses the house. equipped with a chimney for evacuation of vapors. Depending on your location inside the room. It serves as a link between the space in which the fire is made and the chimney. decorative coating and conduit. bell. wider at the base and narrow at the top. It is used in the chimney lining. plate.
The part of the chimney lining that forms the mouth or entrance to the house. pipeline. It has important advantages over traditional households: it is cleaner. A place to store firewood. and this makes the smoke rise along the channel towards the exterior of the house. Chimney step. refractory. etc. material that resists the action of fire without changing its properties. Iroko. It can be part of the chimney as an auxiliary element. An iron overpass is placed in the hearth to hold firewood and prevent it from falling from the fireplace.
"Fireclay". It is produced by various enterprises, for example, Belokamensky plant in Ukraine, Sukholozhsky plant in Perm. It is recommended to use in the construction of those parts of the furnace that directly touch the flame.
The choice of brick in appearance
Airflow creating a house fire. plastering. coverings. more specific. soot. turbocharged air recovery system and damper. provides a large thermal power and can become a heating system for the whole house. Usually comes from pruning certain trees. grid. Dark and thick substance that occurs when burning wood. firewood. the term "home" refers to the inside of the fireplace. Steel utensils in the form of a mesh to insert into the fire what needs to be fried or fried. being able to interfere with the burning of the chimney.
When buying a brick, you need to pay attention not only to what density grade it has, how frost-hardy it is, but also how high-quality it is made. To do this, carefully inspect several stones from the party. The edges of the building materials should be flat, without potholes. At the stone of the Borovichi plant, the edges are somewhat rounded.
Measure the angles: they should be 90 degrees. Measure the length and width of the stone: a maximum difference of 1.5 - 2 millimeters from the dimensions declared by the manufacturer is allowed.
Ask the seller to show the cleaved stone to evaluate its internal structure. With a good material, the chip should be evenly painted over the entire surface. The uneven color of the cleavage, the presence of spots, indicate that the internal structure is not homogeneous, and therefore not equally strong.
Another test option: apply a slight blow with something metallic on the largest face of the stone (for example, a hammer). If the brick does not contain internal cracks, the hammer will bounce with a jingle. A dull sound from the impact indicates defective material.
You can drop a brick: high-quality crumble into several large parts, not high-quality - into small pieces.
Ask the seller to provide documentation on the compliance of the brick with GOSTs. GOSTs and their transcripts must be indicated in the papers. It should also be indicated that the brick is suitable for the construction of furnaces.
To summarize
So, which brick is better for the stove? To lay down a high-quality stove, you need to correctly approach the choice of bricks. It should be:
- Corpulent.
- High Quality.
- Refractory.
- Grade of density 200 - 250.
- Possess high frost resistance.
- Conform to GOST.
Last tip: always buy the number of bricks with a margin so that there is no situation when building materials are not enough. Buying a brick later is not recommended, since stones from different lots can differ in color and quality.
Watch the video: “Which brick to choose”
Fans of a steam bath in a Russian bathhouse are well aware that a brick stove and a metal stove are, as they say, two big differences. According to some lovers of light steam, these are generally two different philosophies and two different views on bathing matters.
Of course, modern compact metal stoves have many advantages. These include:
- small size;
- light weight that does not require a capital base;
- ease of installation even without experience.
But the brick kiln has its own advantages, which often outweigh the scales in favor of choosing a brick structure. Here are just the main ones:
- the brick oven perfectly retains heat;
- gives softer steam;
- the bath does not cool for a long time, being heated by the accumulated heat;
- more durable when using high-quality heat-resistant brick.
Brick stoves also have disadvantages, which include large dimensions compared to metal stoves, the longer time required for heating, as well as the need to involve a master stove-maker who knows how to fold the stove correctly so that it quickly heats up and cooled for a long time.
If these disadvantages are not significant for you and you want to have the softest steam and spend less fuel to maintain the desired temperature, then the choice is clear. However, before construction begins, you need to determine the material from which the furnace will be laid out.
Today in the market you can see many different offers with fairly attractive prices. But how can one not make a mistake and choose a brick for the stove, which will last a long time and provide the bath with soft heat?
We will talk about this in this article.
What brick can be used for the stove?
For different sections of the furnace, various requirements are imposed on the brick from which they are laid out.
In the furnace, maximum temperature stresses occur. Temperatures can reach 1200 ° C. The figure below shows graphs of the burning temperature of firewood at different relative humidity of the wood and various coefficients of excess air (α):
Not every brick can tolerate the effects of such heat without destruction. Therefore, for the device of the furnace space requires a brick with maximum heat resistance. As a rule, this is fireclay brick.
In cast-iron stoves, a significant part of the heat generated by burning wood is transferred to the steam room directly through the walls. In this case, the temperature of the exhaust gases turns out to be quite low - no more than 300-450 ° C.
Unlike cast-iron heaters, much less heat is transferred in the brick kiln through the walls of the furnace, due to the much lower thermal conductivity of the brick. Therefore, the temperature of the flue gases in it is much higher and reaches 800-900 ° C. As you understand, the design of the chimney in this case should have much higher heat resistance. Therefore, in brick stoves for the installation of gas ducts, heat-resistant ceramic corpulent brick is most often used.
Fireclay brick
Fireclay bricks are made of high-alumina refractory clay. Fireclay bricks are produced in accordance with GOST 8691-73 "General Refractory Products. Shape and Dimensions."
Brick size ША-5 and ШБ-5 is 65x114x230mm:
Brick size ША-8 and ШБ-8 is 65х124х250:
The main physico-chemical characteristics of ША-5 (8) and ШБ-5 (8) bricks are shown in the table below:
Name of indicator |
Norm for the brand |
|
Mass fraction,%: |
||
Al2O3 not less |
||
Refractoriness, ° С, not lower |
||
Additional linear shrinkage or growth,%, no more |
||
at temperature, ° С |
||
Open porosity,%, no more, for group products: |
||
The compressive strength, N / mm2, not less, for products of the subgroup: |
||
Softening start temperature, ° С, not lower |
The industry also produces fire-resistant fireclay bricks of the following types:
Mark |
The form |
Size mm |
Softening point, ° С |
straight one and a half |
|||
straight three-quarter |
|||
end wedge |
|||
end wedge |
|||
rib wedge |
|||
trapezoidal transverse |
65 / 114x190x230 |
Of all the grades produced, for the construction of stoves and fireplaces, ShA and ShB bricks are most often used. ShKU finds its application in the lining of steel casting ladles in the steel industry, and broadband access for lining the domain.
You can watch tips for choosing a brick for the furnace in this video:
Bricks produced by "LODE"
Refractory bricks manufactured by the Baltic company LODE are very popular for the construction of furnaces.
The table below shows the main characteristics of fireclay bricks LODE:
The company has a representative office in our country.
How to choose a refractory brick when buying?
In order not to run into a batch of low-quality bricks, it is best to buy it from large time-tested manufacturers, looking for recommendations and reviews on the Internet.
When inspecting a batch, be sure to pay attention to the same size by comparing several bricks. The deviation of the dimensions of the length / width of the products should be no more than 2 mm.
A visual inspection can help identify defective bricks. For example, large black spots indicate a non-compliance with the temperature regime during firing and indicate a burn.
Cracks are also not acceptable. Such a product will quickly crumble during operation.
Also in the body of the bricks there should not be large lumps of unmixed clay or any foreign inclusions.
A good fire-resistant brick should have a uniform color, a uniform structure and, when tapped with a hammer, produce a sonorous sound, indicating a high density of the material and the absence of internal voids.
What bricks can not be used when laying the stove?
It is impossible to use a hollow red brick from ordinary clay, products from silicate materials and slotted bricks for the construction of a bathhouse furnace.
Due to the lack of the necessary physical properties, such a material will not be able to withstand thermal stresses and soon can simply collapse, turning into brick crumb.
In addition, it should be remembered that the laying of furnaces is also carried out on a special solution made of refractory clay and crumb brick. Normal masonry mortar is not allowed.
Brick masonry scheme
In order for the stove to quickly warm up and cool down for a long time, while keeping warm, you will need to find a specialist stove-maker who knows his job, or rummage through the forums on the Internet, in search of optimal orders.
But in general, the layout of the furnace masonry is as follows:
The numbers in the figure indicate: 1- foundation; 2 - waterproofing (roofing material); 3 - floor;
4 - brick base of the stove; 5 - firebox; 6 - chimneys; 7 - facing; 8 - overlap; 9 - pipe; 10 - roof slope; 11 - slide gate.
In the lower part, a foundation is laid that transfers the load from the weight of the stove to the ground. The foundation may be made of monolithic reinforced concrete or foundation blocks of suitable sizes, pre-treated with waterproofing to prevent corrosion of the material of which the foundation is made.
Most often, the top of the foundation is slightly below the level of the clean floor of the bath. A layer of roofing material is laid on top of the foundation and then 2-3 rows of strong brick, on which the furnace itself will stand. Brick for this site should be selected based on sufficient strength and resistance to freezing in the winter. Here you can use a slightly burnt fire-resistant brick (grade III).
As already mentioned above, the material from which the furnace space is laid out experiences the greatest thermal load. Here, temperatures reach 1100-1200 degrees Celsius. Only fireclay bricks can withstand such temperatures without destruction. In this case, only products of the first grade should be selected.
The main part of the furnace volume is occupied by flues of a rather complicated configuration, providing not only good draft, but also receiving the main part of the heat of the outgoing flue gases, accumulating in and then transferring this heat to the steam room. Since the temperature of the flue gases of a brick furnace does not exceed 900 ° C, a red corpulent ceramic heat-resistant brick is quite suitable for the installation of gas ducts.
For the installation of the chimney, brick should be selected based on resistance to temperature extremes. after all, during the furnace fire inside the smoke channel, the temperature can reach 300 ° C, and on the street at the same time there may be crackling frost.
In order to prevent the pipe from collapsing from such changes, it is most preferable to have a two-layer construction device, where the inner layer of the barrel is laid out from heat-resistant bricks, and the outer one - from bricks having the lowest density and the greatest heat transfer resistance.
Facing brick for subsequent finishing can be II grade. Minor flaws will subsequently be hidden by plaster or tile.
Before proceeding with the masonry, experienced craftsmen sort the bricks, as different types of products may appear on one pallet.
How to calculate the required amount of brick?
In order to purchase the required amount of brick, you will need to make a calculation based on its size and dimensions of the stove.
Knowing the size of the brick of each type, from which a certain part of the furnace will be laid out, it is necessary to calculate the number of rows in height and width, adding an allowance for the thickness of the seams (about 10 mm) and a certain percentage for the fight and fit.
It is better to immediately get the right amount with a small margin than to buy material later if there is a shortage.