All about the technology of wall insulation with mineral wool. Technology of insulation of the facade of the house with mineral wool. External insulation of the roof.
The preparation process for the construction is almost complete - you have chosen the necessary materials, collected everything that is necessary to build your own home. And even the frame has already been assembled, there is a foundation and other essential elements of the object.
At this stage, it becomes necessary to select heat-insulating materials that will provide reliable protection regardless of weather conditions.
Although all practical issues have not yet been resolved, the application of this diagnostic methodology will highlight areas that may require special attention when choosing insulation techniques and materials and completing work. The insulation of existing exterior walls is always double. On the one hand, insulation of your facades can save your energy costs and renew your home, on the other hand. In particular, if you want to replace windows or upgrade your home deeply, the insulation of your facades is definitely worth considering.
Insulation method for exterior walls
In this article, we will look at various methods of isolating an existing external wall, prices, and important points. The insulation and decoration of your facades can be done in several ways. Since the insulation method is often the same, we start by looking at the different finishing methods and their respective prices.
Immediately after this, a whole series of questions arises: what to use as a heater? How to install the insulation material? We will tell the reader all the information that will be useful and will certainly help him.
Warming under siding: types of insulation
Today in the market or in specialized construction stores you can find a lot of insulation materials.
Insulation of exterior walls with insulating plaster
In many renovation projects, the external walls are covered with insulation and plaster. Not unfair, given that this method is not only fast, but also offers many advantages. Thus, there is no need to provide an extended foundation, and windows can already be installed. This post-isolation method is also the cheapest solution if you are not doing the work yourself.
Insulation of external walls with cladding plates
Installing a new exterior wall is not always obvious. You lose a lot of space, and in most cases you have to sink a new foundation. To fix this problem, some manufacturers have developed a system that offers the advantages of plaster, but at the same time takes into account the same rendering as traditional masonry.
If you are going to install insulation for siding, you need to pay attention to the following characteristics: low thermal conductivity, resistance to chemical and biological effects, durability, shape stability during installation and, of course, a simple installation process. With the final choice of insulation, a number of factors play a significant role:
Insulation with wooden wall cladding
If you prefer a natural look, you can lay the outer wooden cladding. Insulation panels are installed on the outer wall before installing the cladding on a new facade. The air layer between the insulating layer and the wood sheath will prevent the development of moisture problems.
Construction of a new brick facade
If you prefer a solid look of bricks, choose the design of a new facade. Since the insulation is first installed, it is often not necessary to provide an additional base. To save space and avoid thermal bridges, it is recommended to demolish the old facade. This method is used only during deep repair work.
- The material of the walls of the house
- Geographical location of the object (temperature, humidity, climatic conditions)
- Residence time (seasonal or permanent)
Depending on the above factors, builders can choose the following types of insulation:
Canopies, aluminum front panels and synthetic front panels
They are mounted in the same way as wooden facade panels, and are available in an infinite number of colors, sizes and shapes. Especially rectangular houses especially emphasize these facade panels. Price: from 110 euros per square meter, decoration included.
Important points to consider when insulating a facade
When insulating exterior walls, the thickness of your insulating layer will greatly affect your final energy consumption. This thickness is not a problem for the walls, but you will have less space around the windows.- Roll. Produced by many companies, are easy to install. The material from the roll is superimposed on the wall of the house, mounted using special glue, and after that a crate for installing siding is installed on the insulation. The material is suitable for any walls, but is suitable for use only in warm climates.
- Basaltic. They are also called mineral wool, since basalt mineral fibers are the main material in the manufacturing process of insulation. Available in the form of multi-sized plates. Compared with other types of heaters, they have the best indicators of noise insulation and thermal insulation, perfectly protect the walls of the house from moisture
- Styrofoam. Acquired widespread solely because of the ease of installation and low cost. It has relatively good noise insulation indicators, but in other characteristics it is inferior to other types of insulation
- Fiberglass. They represent waste from the glass industry, which in the process of processing becomes inert to chemicals and thermal effects. Absorb sounds well, prevent moisture
To ensure a dense finish of the facade cladding and windows, very thin insulation is often chosen. To fix this problem, windows are placed at the level of the old exterior wall. If you decide to build a completely new exterior wall, the windows must be replaced and relocated anyway, which will prevent the formation of thermal bridges.
Existing hollow wall and exterior wall insulation. If your facade is a hollow wall, that is, a wall with a slip between the outer wall and the inner wall, you must first fill this slide with insulation. If you do not, the effect of external insulation will be significantly reduced due to the flow of cold air between the two walls. If you destroy the outer wall, you do not need to fill the slide, and you can mount the insulation on the outside of the inner walls.
If you decide to insulate a house with wooden walls, it is recommended to use basalt insulation (mineral wool). It will not allow moisture to get on the wooden walls, and good thermal insulation will not allow the walls to overheat in the summer and freeze in the winter.
Do not dwell only on basalt insulation for a wooden house. - you decide, because There are many other types of insulation.
Do you want to insulate and dress your outer wall? Through our online quote service, you can receive individual prices from isolation specialists in your area for free and without obligation. Whether you live in an apartment or a house, the sounds of your neighbors can quickly become very annoying on a daily basis. Even worse, noise is spreading. You will understand that sound insulation is an indispensable element! The editor explains everything.
Wall acoustic insulation: wall construction. In order to reduce noise, in reality there are very few solutions. There are two of them to be exact. The first consists of building a partition over an existing wall and installing insulation between the two walls.
For example, one of the best insulation for wooden houses is ecowool. Given that there are no ideal materials in the world, ecowool has a number of significant drawbacks that are described. However, the disadvantages can easily be offset by the competent use of this material.
Surface preparation for installation of insulation
The second, more technical solution is to leave an empty space between the wall and the new wall. Section is not an integral part of the floor. Despite the complexity of the task, this process is particularly effective. Insulation manufacturers have never been so advanced. Insulation of the sound internal section: which insulator to choose?
We just told you that manufacturers of insulation materials are constantly developing cheaper and more efficient products over time, but it's hard to tell different materials! Start by choosing the product with which you want to insulate your dividing wall simply by relying on indexes.
You can install insulation at any time of the year. An exception is wall insulation for vinyl siding - work must be done at a temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius, since vinyl at low temperatures is characterized by increased fragility and brittleness.
It is allowed not to carry out special preparation of the walls before installing the insulation, since this process is carried out with the installation of the crate, which in any case will hide all visible defects and imperfections of the walls.
The absorption of shock and shock noise is expressed in dB. Same as above: targeting the most effective products, i.e. materials not less than 55 dB. Acoustic correction of the product is also the most interesting element. Indicated by the absorption capacity of insulation. The closer the index is to the number 1, the more effective it will be.
Soundproofing partitions: and price? Sound insulation on the wall remains relatively affordable for the largest number, since insulation is a cheap product. However, we recommend that you do not target the lowest prices. Indeed, the lower your product, the less effective it is. The price varies depending on the insulation chosen, the professional chosen and the size of the wall to be insulated, but the average price is about 30 euros per m2. If your work saves you energy.
The only thing that needs to be done before warming the house outside for siding is to dismantle all the objects that could interfere with the work. It is necessary to remove window frames, lamps, drainpipes, plants and branches.
The process of installing mineral wool on the walls
To install insulation on the walls of a wooden house, you can use either metal profiles or a wooden crate. In the first case, a more expensive design will be obtained, in the second - a simpler one.
This is a difficult task requiring the intervention of qualified and experienced craftsmen. Therefore, it is recommended to go even further in productivity, especially since the tax requirement is likely to harden. The expanded polystyrene granules obtained from the crude oil derivative are expanded with water vapor up to 50 times with their initial volume, and the material thus obtained contains 98% air. When it is intended for wall insulation, it is connected to drywall with tapered edges. The first of the two figures in the technical characteristics of the products corresponds to the thickness of drywall in millimeters, and the second - according to the thickness of the insulation.
Installing mineral wool under siding using metal profiles includes several successive steps:
- A steam barrier is installed on the wooden wall (a special film that provides additional protection against moisture)
- PPU (ordinary suspension) is installed on the surface of the wall and fixed with fasteners (you can use dowels or self-tapping screws)
- In the vertical direction, with an interval of half a meter, metal profiles are installed
- Mineral wool is attached to the suspensions. It is necessary to fix the cotton wool so that there are no gaps between the plates. The insulation must be fixed with dowels (enough 4-5 pieces per 1 m 2)
- A special membrane is installed on top of the mineral wool; its joints are glued using butyl tape. For reliability, you can fix the membrane with several dowels
- The whole structure is located on the PUF. Metal profiles are installed on these suspensions and screwed on thin tin with small self-tapping screws
- Mineral wool is pressed by profiles. Do not squeeze it additionally - just use longer suspensions
The installation of the profile frame is completed and you can start facing the house with siding.
Acquisition of living space thanks to polyurethane foam
More rigid, insensitive to moisture, it can be used in masonry or in combination with drywall. This cell insulator, consisting of small cells that store gas with low thermal conductivity, provides the necessary characteristics with a smaller thickness.
Polyurethane panels are installed between the wall and the back wall.
You will find various lining kits from this material. These products can be mounted directly by blocking, without gluing, which saves time at the workplace. The cost of installing a counter wall should be added to the cost of installing insulation.
Insulation of the facade with mineral wool under siding using a wooden crate is carried out as follows:
- A vapor barrier is fixed on the wall, the joints are glued with special glue or tape, after which the barrier is fixed to the walls with brackets
- Wooden blocks are installed along the width of the mineral wool plates (on average, the pitch is 50-70 cm). Between the installed bars, a heater is mounted
- Using plate-shaped dowels, wool is fixed in a wooden frame
- The whole structure is covered with a membrane and fixed with dowels or screws, and the joints are glued with butyl acryl tape
- To create a ventilated facade, a counter-crate is installed on the film. For secondary crates, thinner wooden blocks can be used.
Warming of a wooden house for siding is ready, it remains only to install the latter.
Mineral wool: glass wool is more insulating than mineral wool
The interwoven mineral wool fibers give them a flexible and highly elastic insulating structure that reduces the transmission of air and impact noise, preventing heat transfer. According to our polls, today's match is Fiberglass, but these materials will be effective only for a 100 mm tax credit in the best versions below. They are not suitable as a standard.
Two formulas: in dubbing complexes or in rolls
The former sell "all in one"; The latter, which should be installed on the firewall, are covered or not with kraft paper, acting as a vapor barrier. Stone wool is obtained, as the name implies, from stone, it liquefies and turns into fibers under the influence of wheels rotating at high speed. In addition, it has an insulation overlap of 3 cm at the bottom of the plate, providing a thermal connection at the junction of the earthen wall. Glass wool is made from silica or glass recycled by fusion and “fiber”.
Wall insulation for siding is a very common type of insulation. Diverse
All owners of private houses living in the middle lane are well aware of what insulation is. Moreover, houses are subject to warming, not only from a foam block or brick, but also from wood. However, not everyone knows the technology of insulation. Installation of insulation is often performed incorrectly, which leads to low efficiency of all such work.
As for the price, the price varies depending on the implementation. Cotton wool is made from old clothes that undergo insecticidal and antifungal treatment. It is available in rolls and semi-rigid panels. It is mounted on wooden poles or stuck between metal rails. The location of the ventilated air gap between the insulation and the expected wall with an external view that adds a thickness of 2 cm, i.e. 140 mm, to reach the standard threshold. Sheep wool brings elasticity and restoration of thickness after compression during storage.
Wall insulation at home
Today, the most common insulation materials are as follows:
- mineral wool;
- styrofoam;
- expanded clay.
It’s worth saying right away that it is used only as a backfill between two layers of walls. Use it as a floor heater or floor.
During installation, you may need the following tools:
Animal hair and duck feathers regulate moisture content
The 100 mm version is not enough to receive a tax credit; 200 mm must be selected, which doubles the thickness of the material. This allows the thickness to be offset and thus avoids thermal bridges, but doubles the cost. Indeed, if they do not do better thermally than cotton, they absorb excess moisture in the environment to restore it in dry weather. They still require a vapor barrier.
Hemp wool, very fashionable but uneven
As a result, the cost of conventional insulation is more than ten euros per square meter. Depending on its composition and density, the finished product does not have the same thermal characteristics. It must be installed with an independent vapor barrier.
- knife for cutting;
- hammer;
- drill;
- wood hacksaw;
- level.
I must say that depending on which finishing material is selected, other tools may be needed. For example, if the insulation is placed under drywall, you will need a hacksaw for metal. Appropriate materials, for example, self-tapping screws, will also be needed.
So, if a wood material, for example, a wagon board, is selected as the finish, then the following materials are needed:
- insulation;
- vapor barrier film;
- special fasteners - mushrooms (for polystyrene foam);
- scotch;
- nails
- wooden beams or slats.
It all starts with preparation. Basically, it consists in cleaning the walls and closing up all the cracks that could have formed during the drying of the wood.
After complete cleaning and preparation of the material itself, you can begin to markup. Begin marking should be from the ceiling. It is worth noting that warming can be carried out both outside and inside. For the most part, this applies only to walls. The floor is insulated from the ground, and the ceiling is from the side of the second floor or attic. Internal insulation of the walls is carried out with the same materials as the external.
From what kind of insulation is used, the initial stage of the marking itself will depend. The layout also depends on the decoration of the walls. For example, if drywall is used in its quality, then the frame is best made from a metal profile. In this case, the marking consists in drawing on the floor and ceiling the fastening lines of the guide profile.
If wooden elements are used as decoration, then the frame is better to make of wood. In this case, the marking consists in drawing straight lines on the walls along which wooden beams will be fastened.
Mounting vapor barrier film
Before mounting the battens, a vapor barrier is required. And it is done in two layers:
- the first layer protects the insulation from moisture from the outside;
- the second layer protects the insulation from moisture from the inside.
Why is this issue given such attention? Everything is simple. The fact is that when polystyrene or mineral wool gets wet, its effectiveness decreases significantly, and during frosts such material does not just not protect against the cold, but it becomes a bridge of the cold itself.
The film is attached to the wall with a stapler on the bracket. Each vapor barrier sheet is overlapped with the previous one. All joints can be glued with ordinary tape.
If the vapor barrier has two different sides, that is, glossy and rough (one is capable of passing moisture and the other is not), then with a rough side such a film is laid inside the room.
Lathing device and direct installation
Now you can proceed to the device of the crate. Depending on the thickness of the insulation, and for a wooden house it should be at least 3 cm and at least 5 cm for a brick or foam block, choose the thickness of the beam.
The beams are mounted strictly vertically. To control verticality, you can use a level, plumb or other tool. If some kind of log protrudes strongly or, conversely, sinks, which often happens in old buildings, then it needs to be drunk or put a thin rail in it.
Vertical beams are mounted on self-tapping screws or nails. You need to fasten it approximately every 40 cm. The distance between the beams is best done at a width equal to the width of one insulation element, or more precisely, a little less. For example, if foam is used, the sheet width of which is 100 cm, then the distance between the beams can be made 99 cm. If mineral wool is used as insulation, the width of the roll is 100 cm, then the distance between the beams can be about 95 cm.
This will allow you to very tightly put in place a sheet of foam, and lay mineral wool with an overlap.
In places such as windows and doors, as well as other niches, the lathing must also have transverse trims, that is, not only vertical racks, but also horizontal jumpers that are made from the same beam.
Separately, it is worth noting that all the bars of the crate should lie in one vertical plane. You can check this with a long rail and level. In addition, all racks must stand strictly upright, otherwise this can lead to the fact that in one sector the cut off part of the insulation will not reach the beam, and a gap will form, and in the other sector the insulation will have to be cut.
If the walls are not wooden, but brick or foam-block, then wooden elements are best fixed to dowels, nails. For this, a hole of the required diameter is drilled with a drill, and fasteners are planted in it. The hole is drilled in the timber. After that, a screw is screwed into the placed hole. To hide his hat (it is especially important when PVC panels act as decoration), in the bursa, on top of an existing hole, you need to drill another one to a depth of about 2-3 mm, which is equal to the diameter of the dowel-nail head.
Before installing a wooden crate, all its elements must be impregnated with special septic tanks for insects and rot and fire-fighting fluids.
Impregnation should be done with the walls, if this has not been done before.
After installing the battens, you can proceed to the direct installation of the insulation. Installation of insulation begins with cutting pieces of the right size. If we are talking about polystyrene, then the pieces are cut only in width, if the step of the vertical posts is greater or less than this value. Stack the insulation with sheets in a checkerboard pattern, that is, so that continuous horizontal joints are not formed along the entire length of the wall.
Styrofoam sheets need additional fastening. As already noted, it is possible to carry out such fasteners with the help of mushrooms, which constructively consist of the following elements:
- a wide plastic cap with a hollow leg;
- aluminum thick nail.
First, a hole is drilled in the wall and the foam, which in diameter will be the same as the mushroom leg. Then it is placed in this hole until the hat rests on the foam. A nail is hammered into the hat, which presses both it and the insulation.
For 1 square meter of the material, about 3-4 fasteners for internal installation and about 5-6 elements for external are required.
If we are talking about mineral wool, then the roll is rolled along the entire height of the wall. If it is not enough, then the next layer overlaps with the previous one. Since mineral wool often has a thickness less than necessary, it can be laid in two layers. At the same time, you can fasten both layers together with a stapler or adhesive.
After completion of laying the material on top of the crate, a second layer of vapor barrier is attached. If a double-sided film is used, as in the first case, then the rough side (able to pass moisture) is fixed to the insulation.
As a result, it turns out that moisture gets through the finish to the film and condenses on it. So that it does not gather in large quantities, you need to arrange a good ventilation system, which is best tied to an attic system with forced ventilation.
The film is attached with a stapler to the staples.
Over it, finishing is arranged.
Floor and ceiling insulation
Floor insulation can be made (in addition to the considered two types of insulation) and expanded clay. It is considered bulk material.
The bottom line is that the rails are nailed to the lags at the bottom side. Boards are attached to them. Such a floor can be considered draft. As a result of his device should be separate sectors with walls in the form of a lag. Expanded clay is poured into these sectors. Exactly the same way, foam or mineral wool can be laid there. At the same time, the laying principles remain the same as with the walls. Do not forget about vapor barrier, especially if there is clean soil under the lags.
On top of the insulation and lag, another layer of vapor barrier is attached, although sometimes it is not done.
In this case, the first layer is best made from a double-sided film, the non-transmitting side should lie on the ground. Thus, moisture from the inside will pass through the floor, insulation and vapor barrier and absorbed by the soil.
As for the insulation of floors in rooms such as the kitchen, bathroom and others, which involve high humidity, it does not apply at all in this form.
Nowadays, underfloor heating systems, both hydraulic and electric, have become widespread. They are perfect for just such conditions. It uses fully concrete floors.
Often apply another method of insulation of the concrete floor. Its essence lies in the fact that first a cement screed is laid, the thickness of which should be at least 3 cm. Next, foam is laid, the thickness of which is 5 cm. Another layer of concrete is laid on top of the foam, the minimum thickness of which should be 5 cm.
The installation of the insulating layer on the attic floor is similar to the same operation on the floor. The difference lies in the fact that there is no need to additionally arrange a rough floor, that is, battens for a heat insulator. From below, the beams will be hemmed with boards - this is the basis for the insulation. Installation of insulation is carried out on these boards. Expanded clay, mineral wool, and foam can be used.
If we are talking about, then you can use material about 3 cm thick. The same applies to the attic floor, but only if the attic itself is insulated.
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